Sudan, the largest country in Africa and in the Arab world, once represented the hope of peaceful coexistence between Arab and African, Muslim and Christian. We are currently witnessing the predominantly Christian and animist African South voting for its secession from the North.This article will try to examine the reasons why Sudan is going to be divided, the fears and uncertainties for the newest sovereign state in the African Continent and how is this secession is perceived firstly in Africa and secondly in the world